“Quantum Bits
Quantum computing takes a fundamentally different approach than the binary bits used by classical computers. Instead of bits, it uses quantum bits, or qubits.
Unlike bits, which exist only as a 0 or a 1, a qubit can be a 0 and 1, but it can also exist in three additional properties as follows:
Interference: Quantum algorithms exploit wave-like behavior to amplify correct answers and cancel out incorrect ones, steering the computation toward the right result.
Superposition: A qubit can exist as a 0 and a 1 simultaneously, allowing a quantum computer to explore multiple solutions at the same time.
Entanglement: Two qubits can become linked such that the state of one instantly determines the state of the other, regardless of the distance between them.
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Summary
The quantum computing story is real. The question is not whether we will see quantum computers widely used, but when. The underlying physics is sound, the engineering progress is documentable, and the potential applications are significant.
The investment case requires patience and a realistic view of the potentially long timeframe. By most industry estimates, fault-tolerant quantum computing capable of broadly outperforming classical computers on a commercially viable basis is, at least, a decade away. The companies best financially positioned to survive that long a wait are those with diversified revenue streams (IBM, Alphabet, and Microsoft) or near-term niche players like D-Wave.
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